We’ve come a long way since 1993, when Peter Steiner’s now-infamous and oft-cited ‘On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog’ cartoon hit the pages of The New Yorker.
These days, however, there are probably quite a few people on the Internet who’ll have a good idea if you’re a dog. They probably also know, or could easily find out, your name, what you look like, where you live, where you work, your date of birth, the name of the first school you went to, and maybe your mother’s maiden name as well.
If that sounds frightening, then perhaps it should be – identity fraud accounted for 68% of cases filed to the National Fraud Database in 2022, and the majority of these cases (86%) resulted from online interactions, according to Cifas, a cross-industry UK fraud prevention service.
If someone does manage to piece enough information together about you, they can open bank accounts in your name and use them for money laundering, apply for loans and more. You will then be chased to pay back those loans, and the police might think you are the one responsible for money laundering. Sorting this out and proving it wasn’t you can take time, involve a lot of stress and could even cost you your job. Identity theft can ruin your life, so protecting your identity should be a top priority.
And it isn’t just fraudsters who might be after your information. Being lax about privacy and security online means you could inadvertently arm just about anyone with information about your interests and whereabouts, from that person who used to terrorise you at school who now keeps trying to add you on Facebook, to a vindictive ex-partner, or that awful fleeting acquaintance who keeps trying to get you to endorse them on LinkedIn (if you’re reading this, please leave me alone).
Fortunately there are more than a few tools at your disposal to help better protect your online identity, as well as adopting some best practices and taking proactive steps. Here are the main ones you should know about – and put into action!
1. Use a password manager
One way people can get to your personal information is by guessing your passwords and logging into accounts that contain that information.
Maintaining separate passwords for each and every account you use is a drag, not to mention impractical.
You could come up with strong and unique passwords for everything that requires one, and maybe even write those down on a piece of paper, or in a notebook, and keep that somewhere safe. That, obviously, isn’t convenient for times when you’re out and about.
You could in theory take that notebook with you, but, of course, if you lose your notebook, then you’ve got to reset passwords for everything and start again. If it’s stolen, then, well, you’ve just given whoever’s stolen it a veritable goldmine of information.
You could also use a third-party service such as Facebook or Google to sign into other apps and services – a more convenient solution, but then, of course, you’re giving Facebook and Google, or whoever, an even greater idea of your browsing and spending habits.
A more practical option is to use a password manager, an app which stores and encrypts login details for every service you use behind a single, strong master password.
Jim Martin / Foundry
The best password managers can protect your accounts with biometric logins meaning you can use fingerprint scanners and front-facing cameras on your phone, laptop, or PC to confirm that it is indeed you that’s logging in, and not someone else.
A good password manager will also support multi-factor authentication by default, which means when you correctly enter your master password, you’ll also be required to enter an additional code, securely sent to you through another app. Speaking of which…
2. Use two-factor or multi-factor authentication
Two-factor authentication, commonly expressed as ‘2FA’, or sometimes ‘two-step verification’, is a simple but effective way of adding an extra layer of protection to any account you regularly sign in to.
IDG / Ashley Biancuzzo
With two-factor authentication set up, once you’ve entered your password – the first factor of authentication – you’ll be sent a four or six digit code to enter as well – the second factor of authentication.
If you don’t have access to that second code, then you’re not getting in. That means it doesn’t matter if someone has correctly guessed your password: they still can’t access your account.
The best approach is to have authentication codes sent to you via an authenticator app, such as Authy, Duo Mobile, Google Authenticator, or Microsoft Authenticator. Some password managers, like Dashlane and 1Password, come with their own built-in authenticators.
You could also consider investing in a security key. These hardware devices have to be plugged into one of your laptop’s USB port, or tapped on your phone to authenticate via NFC. You need to be careful not to lose them, much like your house keys, and they’re not supported by all that many services online.
Security key options include Yubico’s YubiKey 5C, CryptoTrust’s OnlyKey, and Thetis’s FIDO2.
3. DON’T have authentication codes texted to you
While 2FA is a great idea in theory, in practice, it’s not a good idea to have companies text you authentication codes.
The reason for this is simple: SMS text messages can be intercepted, and it doesn’t require costly equipment or extensive technical knowledge to do so. Once someone has your authentication code, then they could very well gain access to a number of things; your online bank account or investment portfolio, or whatever you’re trying to log in to.
If a service supports 2FA, you should check if you can use an authenticator app instead having codes via text/SMS.
Alternatively, there might be an option to be sent authentication codes via email instead. That’s a more secure option, as your email provider should be encrypting messages in transit as standard. However, if your email account is compromised, then you’re at risk.
For this reason, it’s good practice to automatically delete any kind of authentication email that’s sent to your account.
4. Use a VPN
A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a good way of securing your online activity, as a VPN encrypts all of your network traffic, preventing anyone from keeping a log of your online sessions.
Anyron Copeman / Foundry
Well, almost anyone – the only organisation that could know which sites and services you visit and log in to is the VPN provider itself.
This is why, when shopping around for a VPN provider it is important to check to see if the VPN provider operates a strict ‘no connection logs’ policy, and, more importantly, if that policy has been independently verified.
VPNs that have made the grade in this regard in our most recent round of testing include NordVPN, CyberGhost, and PureVPN – see our round-up of the best VPN services for a full breakdown.
5. Use burner email address
While newsletters can be great ways of finding out about promotions and getting some money-off vouchers, it might be a good idea for you to sign up to these using a dedicated email address, instead of your main one.
Foundry / IDG
While 2-for-1 deals and cheap pizzas are great, what’s not great is when marketing companies share subscriber information with data brokers, which can lead to you being sent a lot of marketing emails for things you never even signed up for in the first place, or aren’t even interested in.
While that in itself is not an inherent security risk, what it can do is make it harder for you to spot scam emails and similar phishing attempts, which often disguise themselves as legitimate marketing emails. Plus, who wants junk mail? No-one.
If all marketing traffic is funneled towards a specific email account, it leaves your mail account with emails you might actually want to read.
6. Ask data brokers to delete information they hold on you
Data brokers, such as Acxiom, Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion make money from selling information about you to marketing companies.
Tech Advisor/Foundry
Information about you can come from a variety of sources, from companies selling your data to third parties as described above, from analysing your web browsing history, and your shopping history.
While the UK has now left the European Union, the terms of the EU’s GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) still applies.
Under Article 21 of the GDPR, you can order companies to stop processing any personal data they hold on you for the purposes of marketing, and under Article 15, you have the right to make an SAR (subject access request), where a company must share all and any personal data they hold about you, for free.
In the U.S. your rights currently vary from state to state, but you still may be successful in contacting a company or organisation with an SAR – or SRR (subject rights request) as they’re also known. U.S. based non-profit Privacy Rights Clearninghouse maintains a list of data brokers, which states they’re located in, and whether or not they allow an opt out.
As per the Australian Privacy Act, you can request access to the data that a company holds on you, and request to correct any incorrect information, delete it or de-identify it, if it is no longer required for their purposes.
In order to make any kind of access request, you will need to provide some basic information – such as your name, home address, phone number email address – and possibly some supplementary information, such as your account name/user ID, so that a company can correctly identify you and process your request.
You can also pay third parties to contact data brokers on your behalf, if you are short on time – organisations offering such a service include DeleteMe, Incogni, OneRep, OptOutUK, and PrivacyBee.
However, data brokers may not respond to requests made on behalf of individuals by third parties such as these. It might be that a company can only tell you who holds data about you – in which case it would then be up to you to contact the company, and request that they delete any data held on you.
7. Lock down or delete social media accounts
In addition to getting rid of the inevitable cringe posts and photos of you with regrettable haircuts/outfits/both, closing or deleting old or inactive social accounts and blogs can be a good idea, especially if they contain anything too personal.
Hannah Cowton/Foundry
Whether it’s damaging to your reputation or personal credibility or not, there’s information you’ve posted out there on a platform you’ve not updated or maintained for a number of years, there’s a chance that someone could gain access to your profile. You should purge any old accounts, especially if they are still linked to an active email address.
In short, if you’re no longer using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or any kind of platform, consider deleting it, or, at the very least, lock down the privacy settings to control who can see that data. That way you still maintain a presence on those platforms, but they’re much less likely to be used by anyone trying to impersonate you.
8. Don’t share too much online
Comedian Stewart Lee once memorably described Twitter as “the Stasi for the Angry Birds generation”, and famously does not maintain a personal social media presence.
Tech Advisor/Foundry
While you might not want to employ the same approach to social media as Mr. Lee, his main point about revealing one’s whereabouts and habits on a public online platform like Twitter is worth keeping in mind.
Posting a photo of you in front of the house you’ve recently moved into, then later complaining that your landlord still hasn’t fixed that downstairs window, and then announcing to the world that you’re about to go on holiday for a couple of weeks, could all add up to you coming back home to a nasty surprise.
9. Opt out of sharing data
Finally, read the terms and conditions of the things you sign up for, and opt out of data sharing where you can. It’s tempting to click or tap through the welcome or installation screens without paying any attention to what they’re saying. Quite often you have the opportunity to limit the data you share with that company, but you need to read those screens to know if you need to tick a box or click the Decline button.
Also, moderate what you share online, and be savvy about how someone looking at your profile might join the dots. Use some form of multi-factor authentication, but don’t have codes sent to you via SMS if at all possible, and consider using a password manager and a VPN to better protect yourself and your online activity.
